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- WORLD, Page 36BRITAINTime for Maggie to Move Over?
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- Tax riots, inflation and a shaky economy shred Thatcher's
- popularity and prompt voters to think of life without her
-
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- Margaret Thatcher's ten-year grip on power never depended
- much on the affection of her countrymen. She won three
- successive general elections by sheer force of character, the
- clarity of her goals and a lack of plausible opposition. As the
- Thatcher revolution rolled on, she acquired an almost mythic
- invincibility; popularity seemed to matter little as long as
- voters believed her to be the most trustworthy manager of the
- national interest.
-
- That confidence in Thatcher's competence, however, has been
- ebbing fast in recent months. For the first time, there is a
- growing sense that the Iron Lady has finally worn out her
- welcome -- and that Britain might be ready for fresh
- leadership.
-
- Opinion surveys show a record low in the electorate's
- confidence. According to the latest Gallup poll, only 24%
- approve of Thatcher, vs. 45% a year ago. This is not just
- another bout of midterm blues. Assorted grievances focused on
- her personality, as well as her performance, have coalesced
- around what even top Conservative party leaders consider a
- major political blunder: imposing a poll tax that has mobilized
- a majority of Britons in opposition, including many Tory
- members of Parliament. The levy was designed to replace the
- local property tax with a head levy, making all adults pay
- something toward community services. The last time Britain
- tried to introduce a similar tax was in 1380 -- and that helped
- provoke the Peasants' Revolt. Thatcher should have known
- better. Characteristically, she refused to back down and now
- is paying a high political price.
-
- She may be paying as much for the rising inflation that is
- gnawing at living standards, undermining the very economic boom
- her government created. The inability to control interest
- rates, inflation, wages and at the same time maintain a strong
- pound mocks her greatest achievement: reversing Britain's
- postwar economic decline. Even Thatcher's stature as a world
- leader is being questioned at home and abroad, especially since
- West Germany's Helmut Kohl, viewing himself as the "chancellor
- of unification," seems to have taken command of the Continent.
- Thatcher's standoffish positions, symbolized by her opposition
- to European monetary union, are isolating her.
-
- Last week the Prime Minister's credibility was further
- shaken by anarchic violence that much of the country -- and the
- world -- witnessed live, on television. Suddenly, the rage of
- embittered and alienated young people was dramatized for all
- to see.
-
- A London protest demonstration against the poll tax
- degenerated into riot, assault, looting and arson. More than
- 350 policemen and 86 civilians were injured. Police blamed some
- 3,000 hard-core leftists for turning the antitax march of
- around 40,000 people into a six-hour street battle.
-
- Critics laid responsibility for the violence on the Prime
- Minister for dividing the country so deeply between haves and
- have-nots. Within the Conservative Party, she still rules with
- a firm hand. But dissent has been rising over her leadership,
- which may cost many Tory M.P.s their seats.
-
- Is this the beginning of the end for Thatcher? That is no
- longer inconceivable. But until an election, the only way the
- Prime Minister could be removed from office is by a revolt
- within party ranks or by resignation. Neither seems likely, for
- now.
-
- Nevertheless, rivals are positioning themselves for the job.
- The leading contender is Conservative Michael Heseltine, 57,
- a former Defense Minister who walked out of the Cabinet in 1986
- in a disagreement over the government's attitude toward the
- European Community, as well as Thatcher's domineering style.
- He represents a return to the patrician Tory values, including
- a traditional concern for the poor and disadvantaged. Heseltine
- has also staked out a more pro-Europe position. And for the
- first time since Thatcher came to power, voters are looking
- with favor on Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock.
-
- If there is discontent over her management of foreign
- policy, Thatcher's main liability is her recent performance in
- running the economy. Inflation is crackling along at a 7.5%
- annual rate and headed for 9% by summer. Interest rates are
- pushing 15%, and 9% wage increases continue to outstrip
- productivity. Since elections must be called by June 1992,
- Thatcher has less than two years in which to turn the economy
- around -- or face the real prospect of electoral defeat. A
- decade-long run of good fortune seems near the end -- and the
- Prime Minister finds herself more vulnerable than ever before.
-
-
- By Frederick Painton. Reported by William Rademaekers/London.
-
-
- ____________________________________________________________ THE
- POLL TAX
-
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- Old System: Local government was financed by a combination
- of central-government grants and local "rates," a tax based on
- property values. Local councils levied the rates on businesses
- and homeowners. Rates accounted for 25% of local governments'
- income.
-
- New System: Rates are being replaced by a poll tax. Almost
- all Britons over 18 must pay a per capita amount set by the
- local authority. The central government will set and collect
- a uniform business rate, which will be redistributed to local
- governments.
-
- Queen Elizabeth II paid $27,880 in property taxes last year
- for her private estates of Sandringham and Balmoral. She will
- be exempt from the new levy: royalty is not subject to personal
- taxation.
-
- Richard McMillan, an 89-year-old pensioner, and his wife
- paid $656 in taxes for their Berkshire cottage last year. This
- year: $1,476. He returned his Order of the British Empire to
- Buckingham Palace in protest.
-
- Malcom Parker, a factory worker in Wales, lives with his
- wife Joan and three grown children in a semidetached house in
- Gwent. Last year they paid rates of $528, but this year their
- poll taxes add up to $1,704. Family earnings are just above the
- eligibility level for rebates.
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